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Main classification of superalloys

Release time: 2020-08-08 19:46:05  Hits: 13

Main classification


The traditional classification of superalloy materials can be carried out according to the following three methods: according to the type of matrix element, alloy strengthening type, and material forming method.


1. According to the type of matrix element


⑴Iron-based superalloy


Iron-based superalloys can also be called heat-resistant alloy steels. Its matrix is Fe element, with a small amount of Ni, Cr and other alloy elements added. Heat-resistant alloy steel can be divided into martensite, austenite, pearlite, and ferritic heat-resistant steel according to its normalizing requirements.


⑵Nickel-based superalloy


Nickel-based superalloys contain more than half of the nickel and are suitable for working conditions above 1,000°C. The solid solution and aging processing process can greatly improve the creep resistance and compressive yield strength. In terms of high-temperature alloys used in high-temperature environments, the use of nickel-based superalloys far exceeds the use of iron-based and cobalt-based superalloys. At the same time, nickel-based superalloys are also the largest and most used superalloy in my country. Many turbine blades and combustion chambers of turbine engines, and even turbochargers, use nickel-based alloys as preparation materials. For more than half a century, the ability of high-temperature materials used in aeroengines to withstand high temperatures has increased from 750°C in the late 1940s to 1,200°C in the late 1990s. It should be said that this huge improvement has also prompted the casting process and surface coating Rapid development in other areas.


⑶ Cobalt-based superalloy


Cobalt-based superalloys are based on cobalt, and the content of cobalt is about 60%. At the same time, elements such as Cr and Ni need to be added to improve the heat resistance of the superalloy. Although this superalloy has better heat resistance, it is The output of cobalt resources is relatively small and processing is relatively difficult, so the amount of cobalt resources is not large. It is usually used in high temperature conditions (600~1000℃) and high temperature components subject to extreme complex stress for a long time, such as aero engine blades, turbine discs, hot end parts of combustion chambers and aerospace engines. In order to obtain better heat resistance, elements such as W, MO, Ti, Al, Co should be added during preparation under normal conditions to ensure its superior thermal fatigue resistance.




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